Parasites III

by Ira Marlina Handajani

Without answers

1.            Determine whether these statements about trematodes are true or false:

·         Fasciola hepatica and Clonorchis sinensis can cause infection of the liver
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·         Trematodes are non-segmented leaf-shaped worms also known as rhizopoda
 

·         The infective stage of  trematodes are typically metacercariae which will be later ingested by the host
 

·         Onchocerca volvulus, Paragonismus westermanii and Schistosoma spp. are examples of trematodes

·         Confirmation of trematodes infecting a host are through microscopic detection of eggs in host’s faeces

2.            Determine whether these statements about arthropods are true or false:

·         An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages

·         Infectious arthropods typically take blood meals from the host to cause disease

·         Parasitic arthropods include mosquitoes, blackflies, prawns, and sarcoptes

·         Onchocerca volvulus that can cause river blindness can be transmitted through an arthropod known as tsetse flies.

·         Mosquitoes, flies, ticks and mites are disease causing arthropods

3.            Regarding the disease caused by arthropods, determine whether these statements are true:

·         Sandflies are responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis (a disease that can cause open sores on the skin, lesions and ulcers) and bartonellosis (infections caused by the emerging pathogens in the genus Bartonella e.g. cat scratch disease)

·         Argasid (soft bodied) ticks are involved in the transmission of Lyme borrreliosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever

·         Simulium is a genus of black flies, which may transmit diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness)

·         Sarcoptes scabei is a type of lice that causes itchy lesions and can be removed by covering the burrow made by the lice with oil

·         Reduviid bugs are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi that can cause Chagas’ disease and bites only during the day

4.            Regarding trematodes,

·         Fasciola hepatica is also known as the ‘oriental liver fluke’ that can cause hepatobiliary infections following consumption of raw food

·         Paragonismus westermanii can cause pulmonary infection and its diagnosis is through detection of eggs in sputum

·         Schistomiasis is caused by Schistosoma spp. where the adult worms will inhabit venous plexus of affected organs

·         Infection of Schistosoma spp. results from penetration of intact skin by metacercariae in contaminated water

·          Diagnosis stage of Paragonimu westermanii, Clonorchis sinensi and Fasciola hepatica is through detection of embryonated eggs in clinical specimen

5.            Regarding mosquitoes,

·         Both male and female mosquitoes will take a blood meal from its host and transmit disease

·         Culicine types of mosquitoes are responsible of transmission of arbovirus, malarial and filarial infections

·         Anopheline types of mosquitoes can be identified by its straight resting angle

·         Mansonia spp. are responsible for filarial disease whereas A. gambiae transmits malaria

·         Dengue and yellow fever are transmitted through the mosquito Aedes aegypti

With answers

1.            Determine whether these statements about trematodes are true or false:

·         Fasciola hepatica and Clonorchis sinensis can cause infection of the liver
True

·         Trematodes are non-segmented leaf-shaped worms also known as rhizopoda
False – they are known as ‘flukes’

·         The infective stage of  trematodes are typically metacercariae which will be later ingested by the host
True

·         Onchocerca volvulus, Paragonismus westermanii and Schistosoma spp. are examples of trematodes
False – Onchorcerca volvulus is a type of nematode

·         Confirmation of trematodes infecting a host are typically through microscopic detection of eggs in host’s faeces
True

2.            Determine whether these statements about arthropods are true or false:

·         An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages
True

·         Infectious arthropods typically take blood meals from the host to cause disease
True

·         Parasitic arthropods include mosquitoes, blackflies, prawns, and sarcoptes
False – Prawns, though may cause infection if they have ingested bacteria, are not parasitic

·         Onchocerca volvulus that can cause river blindness can be transmitted through an arthropod known as tsetse flies.
False – They are transmitted through blackflies

·         Mosquitoes, flies, ticks and mites are disease causing arthropods

True

3.            Regarding the disease caused by arthropods, determine whether these statements are true:

·         Sandflies are responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis (a disease that can cause open sores on the skin, lesions and ulcers) and bartonellosis (infections caused by the emerging pathogens in the genus Bartonella e.g. cat scratch disease)
True

·         Argasid (soft bodied) ticks are involved in the transmission of Lyme borrreliosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
False – Ixodid (hard bodied) ticks are responsible for the disease; Argasids are involved in tick-borne relapsing fever

·         Simulium is a genus of black flies, which may transmit diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness)
True

·         Sarcoptes scabei is a type of lice that causes itchy lesions and can be removed by covering the burrow made by the lice with oil
False – Sarcoptes scabei is a type of sarcoptes that causes scabies

·         Reduviid bugs are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi that can cause Chagas’ disease and bites only during the day
False – They bite during the night

4.            Regarding trematodes,

·         Fasciola hepatica is also known as the ‘oriental liver fluke’ that can cause hepatobiliary infections following consumption of raw food
False – Clonorchis sinensis is the trematode

·         Paragonismus westermanii can cause pulmonary infection and its diagnosis is through detection of eggs in sputum
True

·         Schistomiasis is caused by Schistosoma spp. where the adult worms will inhabit venous plexus of affected organs
True

·         Infection of Schistosoma spp. results from penetration of intact skin by metacercariae in contaminated water
False – Infection by cercariae

·          Diagnosis stage of Paragonimu westermanii, Clonorchis sinensi and Fasciola hepatica is through detection of embryonated eggs in clinical specimen

False – For Fasciola hepatica, they are unembryonated eggs

5.            Regarding mosquitoes,

·         Both male and female mosquitoes will take a blood meal from its host and transmit disease
False – Only female mosquitoes take blood meals

·         Culicine types of mosquitoes are responsible of transmission of arbovirus, malarial and filarial infections
False – Culicine do not transmit malarial infections

·         Anopheline types of mosquitoes can be identified by its straight resting angle
True

·         Mansonia spp. are responsible for filarial disease whereas A. gambiae transmits malaria
True

·         Dengue and yellow fever are transmitted through the mosquito Aedes aegypti
True