Foot and Arches

by Priscilla Chang

True false Questions:

1. The following questions are based on anterior transverse arch:

1.	Intersegmental ties formed by dorsal interossei muscles.
2.	This arch is an incomplete arch.
3.	Bonny factoris is round shaped.
4.	This arch is formed by heads of five metatarsals.
5.	Flexor hallucis brevis acts as tie beams.

2. The following questions are based on lateral longitudinal arch.

1.	Plantar aponeurosis acts as tie beams.
2.	Main joint is talocalcaneonavicular ligament.
3.	The anterior end is formed by 4th, 5th metatarsals.
4.	This arch is often flattened due to weight bearing.
5.	Summit formed by superior surface of calcaneum.

3. The following questions are based on medial longitudinal arch.

1.	This arch is less mobile than the lateral arch.
2.	Sling formation by tibialis anterior and peroneus longus.
3.	The posterior end is formed by medial tubercle of calcaneum.
4.	There are no body factors in this arch.
5.	The spring ligament acts as a tie beam.

4. The following questions are based on structures in arches of foot.

1.	Main ligaments of foot arch are plantar calcaneonavicular & talocalcanean.
2.	Main muscular support of lateral longitudinal arch is extensor digitorum brevis.
3.	Posterior transverse arch supported by tendon of pernoneus longus.
4.	The major ligament supporting head if talus as it articulates with navicular bone, is deltoid ligament.
5.	Adductor hallucis acts as tie beams for transverse arches.

5. The following questions are based on clinical aspects of foot arches.

1.	Exaggeration of transverse arches leads to pes cavus.
2.	Flat foot is the collapse of both transverse and longitudinal arches.
3.	Talipes valgus means patient walks on inner border of foot.
4.	Club foot is also known as talipes calcaneovarus.
5.	The common causes of claw foot is poliomyelitis and spina bifida.

Short Answer Questions:

1. Compare medial longitudinal arch and lateral longitudinal arch. Construct a suitable table to display your answers. (8 marks)