Scalp

by Aiman Muzani

1. LAYERS of the SCALP

1	1st layer :Skin	T
2	2nd layer: Connective tissue Which is epicranial aponeurosis	F
3	3rd layer:  Loose areolar tissue	F
4	The first 3 layers are bound together as a single unit	T
5	Loose areolar tissue contains ‘Emissary veins’ which connects veins of scalp with intracranial venous sinuses & carry infection	T
6	Epicranial aponeurosis is known as galea aponeurotica	T
7	Frontalis and occipitalis is supply by Facial nerve	T

2 and 3 (epicranial aponeurosis is the 3rd layer)

2. Nerve and blood vessel of scalp

1	Supratrochlear and Supraorbital nerves  are the branches of trigeminal nerve	T
2	Zygomaticotemporal and Auriculotemporal nerves  are the braches of cervical spinal nerve	F
3	Lesser Occipital nerves (from dorsal ramus of C2) innervate lateral and posterior scalp	F
4	Greater Occipital nerve is the branch of cervical spinal nerve	T
5	Outer surface receives branches from meningeal arteries	F
6	Branches of Ophthalmic artery is the Branch of Internal Carotid artery	T
7	Branches of External Carotid are Superficial Temporal artery, Maxillary artery, Posterior auricular artery and Occipital artery	T
8	Supratrochlear and Supraorbital drain into Facial Vein	T
9	Superficial Temporal vein and Maxillary vein drain into Retromandibular Vein	T
10	Anterior Branch of Retromandibular  Vein and Facial Vein drain into Common Facial, and further drain into the External Jugular Vein	F
11	Posterior branch of Retromandibular  vein and  Posterior Auricular Vein drain into Internal Jugular Vein	F

2 (Zygomaticotemporal and Auriculotemporal nerves  are the braches of branches of trigeminal nerves)

3 (Greater occipital nerves (from dorsal ramus of C2) innervate lateral and posterior scalp

5 (inner surface receives branches from meningeal arteries)

10 Anterior Branch of Retromandibular  Vein and Facial Vein drain into Common Facial, and further drain into the internal Jugular Vein

11 Posterior branch of Retromandibular  vein and  Posterior Auricular Vein drain into External Jugular Vein

3. Emissary Veins  is the vein that connect intracranial venous system with extracranial (face & scalp)

veins

1	blood flow can be in either direction as there are no valves	T
2	therefore potential for infection to spread from face or scalp to brain		T

4. BLACK EYE

1	Bleeding from head injury can gravitate  down in front up to upper eye lid & root of nose in the 4th   layer loose areolar tissue beneath aponeurosis	T
2	Bleeding also can spread laterally and posteriorly  in the 4th layer loose areolar tissue beneath aponeurosis	F

2 (laterally & posteriorly  can not spread due to attachmemt of aponeurosis to zygomatic arches and superior nuchal line )